Á¼°Ô Çؼ®ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ³Ð°Ô ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏÁø ¾Ê¾Ò³ª
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ILO´Â Åë»ó Á¤ºÎÅõÀÚ±â°ü, Á¤ºÎÃâÀÚ±â°ü, Áö¹æ°ø±â¾÷, Á¤ºÎÃ⿬±â°ü µî¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚµé±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ±¤ÀÇÀÇ ¡®°ø°øºÎ¹® Á¾»çÀÚ¡¯(public employee)¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¿Í ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ °ø¹«¿ø¹ýÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¡®ÇùÀÇÀÇ °ø¹«¿ø¡¯(public servant)¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇϸé¼, Æľ÷±ÇÀÇ Á¦ÇÑ¡¤±ÝÁö´Â ¡®±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿ø¡¯(public servants exercising authority in the name of the State)ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¡®¹Ý·Ð¡¯Àº ILO ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿(International Labor Review, vol. 137, ÀÌÇÏ Review)À» ÀοëÇÏ¸é¼ ¡°°á»çÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ À§¿øȸ°¡ ±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â À̵éÀº ±¹°¡¼ÒÀ¯ ±â¾÷, ¼®À¯, Àº Çà, ´ëµµ½Ã ¿î¼Û ¹× ±³À° ºÐ¾ß, º¸´Ù ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â °ø±â¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â À̵éÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù¡±(more generally, those who work in state companies and enterprises)°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¡°ILO°¡ °ø¹«¿ø(public servant)ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °ø°øºÎ¹® Á¾»çÀÚ(public employee)¿¡ ÇÑÇÏ¿© ±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í º¸´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ¹Ý´ëÇؼ®»ó ±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿øÀ̶õ ÇùÀÇÀÇ °ø¹«¿ø(public servant)ÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó´Â ³í¸®¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÏ¹Ý °ø¹«¿øÀº Æľ÷±Ç Á¦ÇÑ ´ë»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ±ÔÁ¤ÇÑ °Í
±×·±µ¥ À§ ¸®ºäÀÇ ¿ø¹®Àº, ¡°the Committee on Freedom of Association has stated that certain categories of public servant do not exercise authority in the name of State, such as public servants in state-owned commercial or industrial enterprises(ibid., para. 532), in oil, banking and metropolitan transport undertakings or those employed in the education sector and, more generally, those who work in state companies and enterprises(ILO, 1984a, 233rd Report, para. 668 ; ILO, 1983b, 226th Report, para. 343 ; and ILO, 1996d, note to para. 492).¡±ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÀÇ ¡®Á¤È®ÇÑ¡¯ Çؼ®Àº, ¡°CFA´Â ±¹°¡¼ÒÀ¯ ±â¾÷, ¼®À¯, Àº Çà, ´ëµµ½Ã ¿î¼Û ¹× ±³À° ºÐ¾ß, º¸´Ù ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â °ø±â¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé°ú °°Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹üÁÖÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¶ó°í ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù¡±ÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¡®Æľ÷±Ç Á¦ÇÑ ¿©ºÎ°¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ °¢°¢ÀÇ »ç·Ê¿¡¼ À§ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿ø¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.
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±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§ ±ÇÇÑÇà»çÀÚ ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡´Â Æľ÷±Ç Á¦ÇÑÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â °Í
À§ ¸®ºä´Â ³ª¾Æ°¡ ¡°ILO´Â °æ°è¼±»ó¿¡ ³õÀÎ °ø¹«¿øÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡, ÇϳªÀÇ ÇعýÀº, Æľ÷ÀÇ Àü¸éÀû ±ÝÁö¸¦ ºÎ°úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á Àü¸éÀûÀÌ°í Àå±âÈµÈ ¾÷¹« Áß´ÜÀÌ °ø°ø¿¡°Ô ½É°¢ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±× ¹üÀ§°¡ ±³¼·¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÀ¯Áö¾÷¹«¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿øÀ̶ó´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°í Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¹üÁÖ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í Á¦¾ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù(in borderline cases, it has suggested one solution might be not to impose a total prohibition of strikes, but rather to provide for the maintaining by a defined and limited category of staff of a negotiated minimum service when a total and prolonged stoppage might result in serious consequences for the public).¡±¶ó°í °á·ÐÁþ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Áï, °ø°øºÎ¹® Á¾»çÀÚ(public employee) Áß¿¡¼ ¸ÕÀú ±¹°¡¼ÒÀ¯ ±â¾÷, ¼®À¯, Àº Çà, ´ëµµ½Ã ¿î¼Û ¹× ±³À° ºÐ¾ß, °ø±â¾÷ Á¾»çÀÚµéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í, ´Ù½Ã °ø¹«¿ø(public servant) Áß¿¡¼ ¡°±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿ø¡±¿¡ ÇÑÇÏ¿© Æľ÷±Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦¾àÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̶§ ¡®±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿ø¡¯À̶õ (1)'¹ý¹«ºÎ Á÷¿ø, »ç¹ýºÎ ±¸¼º¿ø, ±º´ë, °æÂû¡® µî°ú °°ÀÌ ÀüÅëÀû Àǹ̿¡¼ ±¹¹ÎÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ±Ç·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡°ø¹«¿øÀ» ÀǹÌÇϸç, (2)À̸¦ Á»´õ È®ÀåÇÑ´Ù¼Õ Ä¡´õ¶óµµ °ø¹«¿øÀ» ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾È µÇ¸ç °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÏ°í Á¼°Ô Á¤ÀǵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿ä¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
°á±¹ À̹ø ILO ±Ç°í´Â (1)°ø¹«¿ø³ëÁ¶ Ưº°¹ýÀÌ °ø¹«¿øÀÇ Æľ÷±ÇÀ» ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ¸é¼ °ø¹«¿ø(public servant)À» ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº °úµµÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç ÀÌ´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÏ°í Á¼°Ô Á¤ÀÇµÈ ¡®±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿ø¡¯¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í (2)¡®±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ±ÇÇÑÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â °ø¹«¿ø¡¯ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ Àü¸éÀû ±ÝÁö(total prohibition)°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÇÊ¿äÃÖ¼ÒÀ¯Áö¾÷¹« ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÇÑÇÏ¿© ±ÝÁö¡¤Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ±×ÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢À» ÀçÈ®ÀÎÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡°»ç½Ç°ü°èµµ Ʋ¸± ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Â ÀÏ¡±ÀÓ¿¡µµ¡¦
À§ ¡®¹Ý·Ð¡¯Àº "»ç½Ç¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ÇàÁ¤À» ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ »ç½Ç°ü°èµµ Ʋ¸± ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Â ÀÏ¡°À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ILO ±Ç°í¹® ¿ø¹®¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© »ìÆ캸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
(1)2004. 10. 31. °ø°ø¿¬¸Í Áýȸ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¤ºÎ´Â ¡°732.(Áß°£»ý·«) ÀÌ ÁýȸµéÀº °ø¹«¿øÀÇ ´ÜüÇൿ±Ç(Æľ÷±Ç)À» °ø¹«¿ø³ëÁ¶¹ý¿¡ º¸ÀåÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ °Í(both of which were illegal, demanding that public ofiicial's right to collective action(right to strike) be guaranteed in the bill on public official's trade unions)¡±À̶ó°í º¸°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥, ¹ý Á¦Á¤ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ´ÜÁö Àǻ縦 Ç¥ÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¸À¸·Î ºÒ¹ýÀ̶ó°í ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ±Ù°£À» ÈѼÕÇÏ´Â ±ÇÀ§ÀûÀÌ°í µ¶ÀçÀûÀÎ ¹ß»óÀ̶ó°í ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª 10¿ù31ÀÏ ¿©Àǵµ Áýȸ´Â °ø°ø¿¬¸ÍÀÌ Áý½Ã¹ý»ó Áýȸ ½Å°í ÀýÂ÷¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ÁøÇàÇÑ ÇÕ¹ý Áýȸ¿´´Ù.
(2)Á¤ºÎ´Â 2004. 10. 31. ¿©Àǵµ Áýȸ ´ç½Ã üÆ÷ °Ç°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¡°732.(Áß°£»ý·«) 44¸íÀÌ Ã¼Æ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ICFTUÀÇ Á¦¼Ò´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù(The ICFTU's allegation that 44 strikers had been arrested was not factual)¡±¶ó°í ¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ç½Ã °æÂûÀº ¹®È¸¶´ç ÀÔ±¸¿Í ¿©Àǵµ¿ª Ãⱸ¿¡¼ ¿µÀåµµ ¾øÀÌ ½ÅºÐÁõ Á¦½Ã¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í °¡¹æÀ» µÚÁö°í ÀÌ¿¡ ºÒÀÀÇÏ´Â 46¸íÀ» ÇöÇà¹ü ¿î¿îÇÏ¸ç °Á¦ ¿¬ÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼¿ïÁö¹æ°æÂûûÀå µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒ¹ýüÆ÷°¨±Ý ÇøÀÇ °í¹ß °Ç¿¡¼ °ËÂûÀº ¡°46¸íÀÌ ÇöÇà¹ü¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ üÆ÷¡± ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.
(3)2004³â 11¿ùÃÊ Ã¼Æ÷¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Á¤ºÎ´Â ¡°733. ¡¦ ¸ðµÎ 121¸íÀÌ Ã¼Æ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏÁö¸¸ »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. À§ ±â°£ µ¿¾È üÆ÷µÈ »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ »ç¶÷, ´ë±¸°æºÏº»ºÎ °í·É±ºÁöºÎÀÇ ÀÌÃ¢È ÁöºÎÀ常ÀÌ 2004³â 12¿ù12ÀÏ Æľ÷ÅõÇ¥¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© üÆ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù.(733. ¡¦around 121 arrests was not true. In fact, no one had been arrested during the said period. Just one person, called Lee Chang-Hwa was arrested on 12 November 2004 in relation with the strike vote)¡±¶ó°í ¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ 11¿ù6ÀÏ ¡°ÇöÀå¿¡¼ ¿¬ÇàÇÑ 194¸íÀº Á¶»ç ÈÄ ÀÏ´Ü ±Í°¡Á¶Ä¡(YTN)¡±µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 11¿ù9ÀÏ ¡°°æÂûÀº ¼¿ï ¸¶Æ÷±¸ÁöºÎ ³ëÁ¶¿ø 11¸í µî Âù¹ÝÅõÇ¥¸¦ ÁÖµ¿Çϰųª Âü°¡ÇÑ 186¸íÀ» ¿¬Çà, Á¶»ç ÁßÀ̸ç 47°³ ÁöºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ð¼ö¼ö»öÀ» ½Ç½Ã(Çѱ¹ÀϺ¸)¡± ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÃ¢È ÁöºÎÀåÀº 11¿ù9ÀÏ Ã¼Æ÷µÈ ÈÄ 12ÀÏ ±¸¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. üÆ÷(arrest)¿Í ±¸¼Ó(detention)Àº ±¸º°µÈ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â ±¸¼Ó¸¸ üÆ÷(arrest)·Î º¸°íÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(4)2004³â 11¿ù15ÀÏ Æľ÷À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Ã¼Æ÷¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, Á¤ºÎ´Â ¡°735. ¡¦ 191¸íÀÇ ³ëÁ¶¿øÀÌ Ã¼Æ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏÁö¸¸ »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.(735. ¡¦around 191 unionists were arrested was not true)¡±¶ó°í ¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ç½Ã Ç㼺°ü ÇàÀںΠÀå°üÀº ±¹¹«È¸ÀÇ¿¡¼ ¡°171¸íÀ» ¿¬ÇàÇÏ°í 47¸í¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ã¼Æ÷¿µÀåÀ» û±¸ÇßÀ¸¸ç 13¸íÀ» °Ë°ÅÇÏ°í 92¸íÀ» Á÷À§ÇØÁ¦Çß´Ù°í º¸°íÇß´Ù.(¹®ÈÀϺ¸)¡± ÀÌÈÄ 30¿©¸íÀÌ Ãß°¡·Î üÆ÷µÇ¾ú°í ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î 51¸íÀÌ ±¸¼Ó±â¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù.
(5) Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ Ã¼Æ÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¡°738. ¡¦ ÀÌµé ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ üÆ÷µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡±(¡¦They were mostly arrested for the use of violence)¶ó°í º¸°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ç½Ã °ø¹«¿ø³ëÁ¶°¡ »ê°³ÅõÀïÀ» ¹ú¿´À¸¸ç ±× °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Æø·ÂÇàÀ§°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ÁÖÁöÀÇ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. Àü±¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¼ÒµÈ 700¿©¸íÀÇ ¡®ÁË¸í¡¯Àº Áö¹æ°ø¹«¿ø¹ý À§¹ÝÀ̾úÁö Æø·ÂÇàÀ§µîó¹ú¿¡°üÇѹý·ü À§¹ÝÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
¡°¿ª»çÀÇ È帧À» °Å½º¸¦ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡±
1948³â ¼¼°èÀαǼ±¾ðÀÌ ¡®¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº °¢ÀÚÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¿ËÈ£Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀ» °á¼ºÇÏ°í °¡ÀÔÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù(Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests).¡¯¶ó°í ¼±¾ðÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ëµ¿3±ÇÀº ±âº»Àû ÀαÇÀ̸ç, °ø¹«¿øÀÇ ³ëµ¿3±Ç º¸ÀåÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ´õÀÌ»ó °Å¿ªÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿ª»çÀû È帧ÀÌ´Ù.
³ëµ¿ºÎ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ÀαÇÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇϴ Ưº°¹ýÀ» ÇÕ¸®È½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ »ç½Ç(fact)°ú ILO ³ëµ¿±âÁØÀ» ¿Ö°îÇϸ鼱îÁö ILO ±Ç°í¿¡ ¹Ý¹ÚÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¡°±âº»±Ç ÃÖ´ëÇÑ º¸À塱À̶ó´Â Çå¹ý Á¤½Å¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÏ¿© Ưº°¹ýÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ½ÃÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ÈûÀ» ½ñ¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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